Martial arts have many forms and styles. Some styles are well-know and some are not. Some of the popular martial arts styles are given below.
Kung Fu
More than a 1000 styles of Kung Fu are practiced today. The styles primarily focus on life energy and circular techniques. Kung Fu requires of the practitioner a strict code of physical and mental discipline, unparalleled in Western pursuits. The use of hands is more dominating with more stress on use of muscular force to combat the enemy.
Judo
Judo focuses on grappling techniques, especially those that upset the enemy's balance. These include: gaining leverage, throws, clothes grabbing, joint locks, and strangle holds. Judo uses the principle- "maximum efficiency from minimum effort". It enables the martial artist to defeat a stronger opponent by turning his strength against him.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is a groundfighting art and is an advanced form of the Japanese Jujitsu. The practitioners of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu use the opponent’s strength and force against themselves. The practitioner’s objective is to avoid punches and kicks while attempting to clinch his opponent. Brazilian Jujitsu fighters actually prefer going to the ground as opposed to standing. The key element of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is balance and leverage. The defense techniques are based on leverage, making it possible for the fighter to beat stronger and heavier opponents.
Karate
Karate is basically a striking martial art, involving punching, kicking, knee/elbow strikes and open handed techniques. Generally a karate martial art practitioner does not gets involved in grappling, but the opponent may be held on to for a short amount of time in order to prevent them from dodging an attack.
Jujitsu
Jujitsu is one of the oldest styles of martial art and modern martial art styles like Aikido, Judo, and Hapkido have their roots in Jujitsu. Many forms of Jujitsu have evolved over a period of time. Jujitsu focuses on self-defence and there is more use of grappling techniques, like throws, joint locks, chokes, and holds. Almost all forms of Jujitsu incorporate a fair amount of striking techniques as well using kicks, punches, knees, and elbows. One characteristic of Jujitsu is that it allows practitioners to defeat stronger enemies as the attacker's force is used against themselves. Another concept of Jujitsu is the ability to change from one technique to another, as quickly and as many times as is necessary to defeat an attacker.
Aikido
Aikido is one of the simpler forms of martial arts. Aikido is more a style of self-defence than attack. Aikido also utilizes the concept of flow and the unbroken circle and the same are expressed in all its techniques. And this forms one of the feature of Aikido, that it can be utilized by anyone, no matter what the muscular strength of the person is. Aikido allows its practitioner to defend against any attack without seriously injuring the attacker. Aikido is one of the softest styles of martial art and is based mostly on Jujitsu but eliminating all kicks and punches. In Aikido, you generally don't believe in kicking or punching. It's basically defence where the attacker would attack and the aikidoist would use the attackers body motion and force against him to neutralize the attack.
Tae Kwon Do
Tae Kwon Do is a modern martial art from Korea and has its origin from the ancient Korean art form of Subak. Tae Kwon Do is characterised by its fast, high and spinning kicks. Tae Kwon Do is famous for its wide variety of hand positions, hand strikes and kicks aimed at the head. The main elements of Tae Kwon Do are flexibility, balance, and leg strength especially for spinning, jumping or flying kicks.
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